Science
Mechanism of Action
This extract works by inhibiting inflammatory pathways (p38, ERK, Akt, COX, lipoxygenase) and reducing pro-inflammatory mediators like NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β. It also suppresses ROS, enhances SOD activity, and inhibits elastase and tyrosinase for overall skin health.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence4%
Key findings
- 01 Potent anti-inflammatory effects observed in vitro by inhibiting NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β.
- 02 Topical application of essential oil and its components showed anti-inflammatory activity in edema models.
- 03 An ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated SPF values up to 17.266 at 4% in a cream formulation.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Data regarding common dusting practices or thresholds for this ingredient is not available in the provided research.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
The extract is characterized as oily, suggesting good stability when formulated within similar oily bases or using solvents like PEG 400.
Safety
Safety Profile
Oral toxicity studies indicate a NOAEL of 1,125 mg/kg body weight/day, with some studies suggesting potential liver toxicity with hexane extracts, though significance is unclear. Low cytotoxicity was observed below 10 µg/mL in zebrafish embryos.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
This versatile botanical extract is essential for formulations targeting inflammation, oxidative stress, and irritation, while offering skin-soothing and protective benefits.
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References
Sources