Science
Mechanism of Action
It primarily acts by inhibiting COX-2 and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1β. Wogonin also suppresses NF-κB activation and exhibits antioxidant activity, offering broad anti-inflammatory effects.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 Topical wogonin (250-1000 µg/ear/3 days) in mice reduced COX-2 and TNF-α mRNA, and decreased prostaglandin E2 in a skin inflammation model.
- 02 In human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, wogonin antagonized proliferation, inflammatory response, and pyroptosis in an in vitro psoriasis model.
- 03 At 5-50 μM, wogonin inhibited inflammatory activation in cultured brain microglia by diminishing LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and nitric oxide production.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Wogonin's extremely low water solubility (0.665 μg/mL) presents formulation challenges, requiring specialized techniques to ensure bioavailability and prevent underdosing in products.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Wogonin exhibits low aqueous solubility, requiring organic solvents like DMSO or ethanol for initial dissolution. Strategies such as solid dispersions or complex formation are necessary to improve its stability and bioavailability in cosmetic formulations.
Safety
Safety Profile
The CIR Expert Panel found insufficient safety data specifically for isolated wogonin, though general laboratory warnings advise against ingestion or direct contact until further assessment.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Wogonin is a valuable ingredient due to its strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant profile, although its formulation presents challenges and comprehensive safety data is still pending.
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