Science
Mechanism of Action
It enhances skin hydration by stimulating Aquaporin-3 and hyaluronic acid synthesis, while providing antioxidant protection with flavonoids. Its emollient and mild astringent properties help to soothe, protect, and refine skin texture.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence4%
Key findings
- 01 A 4% concentration increased skin hydration by 9% in 24 hours and 13% after 28 days, also reducing total wrinkled surface by 66% over 28 days.
- 02 A 2% concentration hydrated skin by over 10% after 14 days and almost 20% after 28 days.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
No data indicates this ingredient is commonly 'dusted' in formulations; its effective concentrations are well-documented and utilized.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Stable up to 60°C with low viscosity. Recommended to add to the water phase at 1.0%-10.0% during the cool-down phase to preserve nutrients.
Safety
Safety Profile
Permitted for cosmetic use in Europe and the US within recommended concentrations of 0.5%-5%. Patch testing is advised due to potential individual skin irritation, itching, or redness.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
This versatile ingredient offers strong hydrating, anti-aging, soothing, and anti-acne benefits, making it a valuable addition for various skin concerns.
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