Science
Mechanism of Action
It actively scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigates PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by downregulating AhR and attenuating MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, it demonstrates antimicrobial action against acne-causing bacteria like *P. acnes*.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 In vitro studies showed 200 µg/mL inhibited *Propionibacterium acne* (16 mm zone) and *Staphylococcus aureus* (13 mm zone).
- 02 Further in vitro studies on human keratinocytes demonstrated protection against PM2.5-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Antioxidant and color properties are stable between pH 3.60 and 7.40. Anthocyanins may degrade above 80°C and at alkaline pH around 10.
Conflicts
- High temperatures (above 80°C)
- Alkaline pH (around 10)
Safety
Safety Profile
No specific safety assessments by major regulatory bodies. However, studies indicate low cytotoxicity in cell models and generally favorable safety profiles for natural antioxidant-based ingredients.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A valuable ingredient for comprehensive skin protection, targeting environmental damage, inflammation, and microbial concerns, suitable for diverse skin types.
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References
Sources