TRAPA JAPONICA FRUIT EXTRACT.

Trapa Japonica Fruit Extract, particularly in its fermented form and as derived peptides, operates through multiple pathways to enhance skin health. It significantly elevates collagen synthesis, notably boosting type I procollagen synthesis by 140% in vitro through the TGF-β1/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Simultaneously, it actively inhibits TNF-α-induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are enzymes responsible for collagen degradation, thereby preserving skin's structural integrity. The extract also stimulates human keratinocyte proliferation and supports wound recovery. Furthermore, it exhibits robust antioxidant capabilities by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preventing oxidative damage, along with anti-inflammatory and photoprotective actions. Specific fractions, like the peel extract, contribute astringent effects useful for pore refinement and some skin brightening, while the fermented variant can even support hair follicle growth.