Science
Mechanism of Action
As a salt of Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid (PCA), TEA-PCA primarily functions as a humectant. It attracts and retains moisture within the skin, directly contributing to its hydration levels. This action, coupled with its role as a skin-identical NMF component, helps maintain the skin's natural moisture balance and barrier integrity.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
While no specific optimal pH range for TEA-PCA stability was identified, general formulation practices for humectants are recommended. Adherence to European Commission purity requirements (e.g., minimum 99% purity) and strict avoidance of N-nitrosating agents are crucial for maintaining stability and ensuring safety.
Conflicts
- N-nitrosating agents
Safety
Safety Profile
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel concluded that TEA-PCA is safe for cosmetic use, provided it is not formulated with N-nitrosating agents to prevent the formation of potentially harmful nitrosamines. The European Commission specifically restricts TEA-PCA to a maximum concentration of 2.5% in leave-on products and 10% in other product categories. Furthermore, raw materials must meet stringent purity standards: a minimum of 99% TEA-PCA, secondary amine content not exceeding 0.5%, and nitrosamine content below 50 µg/kg.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
TEA-PCA is a valuable hydrating ingredient and NMF component, offering broad skin compatibility when rigorously formulated within specified concentration limits and in the absence of N-nitrosating agents.
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References
Sources