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SD ALCOHOL 39-D.

Avoid / ASTRINGENT, SOLVENT, VISCOSITY CONTROLLING

SD Alcohol 39-D is a denatured alcohol primarily used in cosmetic formulations as a solvent and carrier, aiding in the dissolution and stability of other ingredients. It temporarily tightens pores and removes excess oil, providing an astringent effect, while also enhancing the absorption of co-formulated active ingredients into the skin.

Summary

Solvent Astringent Antimicrobial/Antibacterial Viscosity Control Carrier Penetration Enhancer Quick-Drying Agent

Science

Mechanism of Action

Functioning primarily as a solvent, SD Alcohol 39-D facilitates the dissolution and dispersion of diverse cosmetic components, thereby improving product texture and stability. On the skin, it acts as an astringent by inducing the contraction of stratum corneum cells, leading to temporary pore tightening and the removal of superficial oils. It also possesses antiseptic and antibacterial properties, targeting microorganisms. As a penetration enhancer, it can facilitate deeper absorption of other ingredients and provides a quick-drying, matte finish by neutralizing surface oil.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Low confidence
Effective range 10–70%
Optimal

N/A

Key findings

  1. 01 SD Alcohol 39-B has been utilized as a preservative in cosmetic formulations at concentrations up to 10%.
  2. 02 SD Alcohol 39-B is found in slimming and anti-cellulite gels, solubilizing caffeine, and in styling gels, at concentrations up to 20%.
  3. 03 SD Alcohol 39-B is used in eaux de toilette formulations at concentrations up to 70%.
  4. 04 An irritation test of SD Alcohol 40-B at 55.65% denatured with Denatonium Benzoate showed minimal effects in rabbits.
  5. 05 A spray formula containing 12% SD Alcohol 40-B was nonirritating in rabbit vaginal mucosal evaluations and did not induce photoallergy, dermal sensitization, or phototoxic responses in human subjects.
  6. 06 A gel formula with 29% SD Alcohol 40-B did not induce photoallergy, dermal sensitization, or phototoxic responses in human subjects.

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Both
Optimal pH N/A
0 7 14

Stability

Similar to SD Alcohol 39-C, SD Alcohol 39-D is generally stable under normal storage conditions and maintains a neutral pH. Formulations can tolerate broad variations in ethanol concentration and pH without compromising product stability. It is classified as flammable.

Synergies

  • Acts as a penetration enhancer, potentially increasing the absorption and efficacy of other active ingredients.

Conflicts

  • Can significantly increase the penetration of co-formulated ingredients, necessitating caution when combined with potential irritants like fragrance.
  • May cause skin irritation, redness, and heightened sensitivity, particularly for individuals with dry or sensitive skin types.
  • Long-term or excessive application can deplete the skin's natural protective oils, leading to dehydration and a compromised skin barrier.
  • Prolonged use on oily or breakout-prone skin may paradoxically enlarge pores and stimulate increased sebum production, potentially exacerbating acne.
  • Can aggravate various existing skin conditions, including sensitive skin, eczema, rosacea, and psoriasis.

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Insufficient data
Sensitization risk Unknown

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has determined that while some denatured alcohols (e.g., SD Alcohols 3-A, 30, 39-B, 39-C, and 40-C) with specific denaturing agents are considered safe, there is insufficient data to support the safety of 'SD Alcohol 39' (which includes 39-D) when denatured with certain agents like Quassin, Brucine, and Brucine Sulfate. Without knowledge of the specific denaturants for '39-D', a definitive 'safe as used' status cannot be given. The FDA classifies 'alcohol' strictly as ethanol, and denatured forms are treated differently for labeling.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

No Normal
No Dry
No Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy Unknown
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Avoid

Despite its roles as a versatile solvent and penetration enhancer, the absence of specific denaturant details for SD Alcohol 39-D results in an 'insufficient data' safety status from CIR, and its documented potential for skin irritation, barrier disruption, and exacerbation of conditions like acne and rosacea make it unsuitable for precision skincare formulations.

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