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SALVADORA PERSICA BARK/ROOT EXTRACT.

Valuable / SKIN CONDITIONING

Salvadora Persica Bark/Root Extract, derived from the 'toothbrush tree,' is a botanical ingredient recognized for its multifaceted benefits. It delivers potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and astringent properties, contributing to overall skin health and balance.

Summary

Skin conditioning Antioxidant Antimicrobial Astringent Anti-inflammatory

Science

Mechanism of Action

This extract's efficacy is largely attributed to its rich composition, including key components like benzylisothiocyanate (39.4%) and benzyl nitrile (37.9%). A diverse array of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, proteins, carbohydrates, sterols, and terpenoids further contributes to its actions. Its antimicrobial activity is thought to stem from its ability to disrupt bacterial cell walls and precipitate cytoplasmic content, while its astringent qualities help to tone and refine the skin.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Medium confidence
Effective range N/A
Optimal

N/A

Key findings

  1. 01 An acetone extract demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against common human bacteria, including *Bacillus subtilis*, *Sarcina lutea*, *Escherichia coli*, and *Staphylococcus aureus*.
  2. 02 Showed effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
  3. 03 Aqueous extracts stimulated significant proliferation in human dental pulp stem cells after 48 hours.
  4. 04 Aqueous extracts exhibited a cytotoxic effect on human dental pulp stem cells.
  5. 05 Ethanol and hexane extracts were generally devoid of cytotoxic activity on human gingival fibroblasts; however, a separate study noted 1 mg/mL hexane extract caused cytotoxicity in 12-14% of human gingival fibroblasts.

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

Salvadora Persica Bark/Root Extract demonstrates a range of scientifically supported bioactivities, particularly strong antimicrobial effects, indicating genuine functional benefits in formulations.

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Water
Optimal pH 6 – 7.4
0 7 14

Stability

This extract is soluble and stable across a neutral to slightly acidic pH range, showing compatibility with buffer systems such as PBS 6.4 and PBS 7.4, as well as 0.1N HCl. A 1% solution typically presents a pH near 7.

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Not reviewed
Sensitization risk Low

This ingredient has not been reviewed by CIR, SCCS, or FDA for specific cosmetic use. INCI Beauty classifies it with 'no penalty' in all categories, suggesting a favorable low-risk profile. Animal studies in rats indicated no visible toxicity or mortality up to 3 g/kg, with an LD50 of 4 g/kg, and root extracts were found safe for liver and kidney at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. However, these studies also reported negative effects on sexual hormones in rats (reduced testosterone, increased estrogen in males; decreased progesterone in females), warranting caution. A 1% extract solution exhibits a near-neutral pH (approximately 7), minimizing potential irritation upon topical application.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

Yes Normal
No Dry
Yes Oily
Yes Sensitive
Irritancy Low
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Valuable

Salvadora Persica Bark/Root Extract is a valuable botanical offering robust antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory benefits, though its optimal concentrations for specific skin concerns require further dedicated human clinical research, and the rat hormonal data warrants cautious consideration for sensitive populations.

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