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Ingredient directory

S-apamin Sp

S-APAMIN SP is an 18-amino acid peptide, originally isolated from bee venom, known for its potent and highly selective inhibitory action on small-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels (SK channels). While laboratory studies indicate potential anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties, its classification as a neurotoxin raises significant safety concerns.

Directory entry · Individual source review pending

This profile is awaiting an individual source review. Treat its ratings, dose estimates and compatibility labels as provisional; they are not medical advice or proof of a finished product’s effects.

Anti-inflammatory Anti-fibrotic Antioxidant (potential)

Science

Mechanism of Action

This peptide functions as an allosteric inhibitor, precisely targeting and blocking the pores of KCa2/SK channels, thereby suppressing delayed cellular hyperpolarization. This mechanism reduces the expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL-6. Further research suggests S-APAMIN SP may also possess antioxidant and anti-apoptotic capabilities, contributing to its observed anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Low confidence
Effective range N/A
Optimal

N/A

Key findings

  1. 01 Potent and highly selective inhibition of KCa2.2 SK channels (IC50: 87.7 pM), KCa2.3 SK channels (IC50: 2.3 nM), and KCa2.1 SK channels (IC50: 4.1 nM).
  2. 02 Reduced expression of α-SMA in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells, indicating anti-fibrotic activity, at concentrations of 0.5-2 μg/mL.
  3. 03 Reduced release and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6, with potential anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities. Concentration for skin application not specified.

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

S-APAMIN SP is primarily a research chemical with significant toxicity and is not utilized as a cosmetic ingredient. Therefore, the concept of 'dusting' in cosmetic formulations is not applicable.

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Water
Optimal pH N/A
0 7 14

Stability

S-APAMIN SP is a strongly basic peptide. In powder form, it requires protection from moisture. For storage, -20°C for up to 3 years is recommended for powder, and -80°C for up to 6 months for solutions. Optimal pH for cosmetic formulations is not available, though various pH levels (3.2, 7.2, 7.4) have been used in research settings.

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Not reviewed
Pregnancy
Caution
Sensitization risk High

S-APAMIN SP is a neurotoxin derived from bee venom, exhibiting significant toxic effects including optic neuritis, atrial fibrillation, cerebral infarction, acute myocardial infarction, and various neurological syndromes reported in poisoning incidents. The intravenous LD50 in mice is 6.00 mg/kg, indicating an extremely narrow therapeutic window. It has not been reviewed by CIR or SCCS for cosmetic safety, and no FDA status for cosmetic use was found. Products containing Apamin are generally designated for research purposes only and are not for human consumption. INCIDecoder also reports high irritancy.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

No Normal
No Dry
No Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy High
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Avoid

Despite observed anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic potential in research, S-APAMIN SP's significant neurotoxicity and complete lack of safety approval for cosmetic applications make it unsuitable and unsafe for skincare formulations.

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References

Sources

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