Science
Mechanism of Action
PQQ functions as a potent antioxidant by efficiently neutralizing free radicals and safeguarding skin cells from oxidative stress through continuous redox cycling. It significantly bolsters mitochondrial health, stimulating their function, promoting proliferation, and enhancing cellular energy. Exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, PQQ helps to soothe sensitive skin. It strengthens the skin barrier by promoting the synthesis of essential lipids like ceramides, thereby improving skin hydration and overall function. As an anti-melanogenic agent, PQQ protects against UVA-induced hyperpigmentation and inhibits melanin production, leading to a more even and brighter skin tone. Furthermore, PQQ delays skin aging by protecting dermal fibroblasts from UVA irradiation-induced damage and stimulates collagen production to enhance skin elasticity and texture.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 A new formulation containing topical allyl pyrroloquinoline quinone (TAP), combined with an existing antioxidant technology, significantly improved the appearance of photodamaged facial skin over 12 weeks. Observed benefits included visible enhancements in dullness, texture, tone, fine lines/wrinkles, dyschromia, and erythema.
- 02 In a human study, oral supplementation of PQQ at 10-20 mg/day notably improved the skin condition of female subjects experiencing dry skin.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone is a highly active ingredient with demonstrated multifaceted efficacy. Its benefits require adequate formulation and effective delivery within a product, making it unsuitable for cosmetic 'dusting' at negligible concentrations.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
PQQ disodium salt is water-soluble and heat stable. In aqueous solutions (1 g/L) at pH 3.6 and 6.0, PQQ powder maintained over 99% stability for at least 36 months when stored in the dark at temperatures up to 30°C. Historically, pure PQQ has been challenging to formulate topically due to its inherent instability and potential for irritation. Consequently, PQQ esters, such as allyl PQQ, have been developed to enhance stability and mitigate skin irritation in topical applications. Formulations should be protected from light and stored in a cool, dry location.
Safety
Safety Profile
PQQ disodium salt has a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status by the FDA for oral consumption in certain food categories, at levels between 0.008% to 0.05%. However, for topical cosmetic use, pure PQQ is listed as an 'Irritant' by PubChem. This historical challenge with irritation and instability in pure topical forms has led to the development of PQQ esters (e.g., allyl PQQ), which are designed for improved stability and reduced irritation in skincare formulations.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone is a valuable ingredient for its potent antioxidant capabilities, crucial mitochondrial support, and comprehensive benefits in anti-aging, barrier strengthening, and promoting an even skin tone, especially when utilized in its stabilized ester forms.
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