Science
Mechanism of Action
This extract functions primarily as an antioxidant by significantly reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels, while simultaneously boosting endogenous antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, thereby mitigating oxidative stress from UV radiation and pollution. Its anti-inflammatory action is evidenced by the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and attenuation of NF-κB nuclear translocation, leading to reduced redness and irritation. Furthermore, it exhibits anti-aging effects by protecting against UVB-induced DNA damage and apoptosis, downregulating pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, cytochrome-c, caspase-3), upregulating anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2), and inhibiting solar UV-induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression. The extract also inhibits melanin production, promoting healthier epidermal regeneration and a brighter complexion.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence3%
Key findings
- 01 In vitro studies on HaCaT cells demonstrated dose-dependent protection against UVB-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, with a notable reduction in reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Pretreatment with 1% and 2% concentrations effectively attenuated UVB-induced DNA damage and prevented apoptosis.
- 02 In vitro, it reduced nitric oxide production by 31.83% in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells, underscoring its anti-inflammatory potential.
- 03 An in vivo human study involving 40 volunteers with SLS-irritated skin revealed that a cream containing 3% Prunus Yedoensis Flower Extract significantly lowered visual irritation scores and erythema values compared to a placebo, confirming its anti-inflammatory effects.
- 04 This range is recommended for optimal antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
While in vitro efficacy begins at 0.5% for antioxidant protection, and clinical anti-inflammatory effects are observed at 3%, lower concentrations below 0.5% may indicate 'dusting' and lack significant therapeutic benefit.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Optimal stability for the extract's polyphenolic compounds is typically within a pH range of 4.0-5.0. High temperatures (above 70°C) and prolonged extraction times can lead to increased oxidation and reduced yield of active compounds. Formulation challenges may arise from salt accumulation and browning of petals, necessitating desalinated and softened extracts for consistent quality.
Safety
Safety Profile
No specific safety assessments from CIR or SCCS are available. However, independent reviews indicate low concerns for cancer, allergies, immunotoxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, with no current restrictions on use. Its calming effects in a human irritation study suggest good skin tolerability.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Prunus Yedoensis Flower Extract is a valuable ingredient, delivering comprehensive antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and brightening benefits with proven efficacy in human studies and broad skin compatibility.
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