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Moumoujus

PROPENYL P-CYMENE.

Insufficient Data CAS 14374-92-6 / PERFUMING

p-Cymene is a naturally occurring monoterpene celebrated for its versatile antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It is frequently utilized in cosmetic formulations for its ability to enhance product fragrance and stability.

Summary

Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Antimicrobial Fragrance Product stability enhancer

Science

Mechanism of Action

This ingredient functions by reducing oxidative stress through the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. Its anti-inflammatory action involves modulating key inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, alongside inhibiting NF-κβ and MAPK signaling pathways. Antimicrobial effects are attributed to its accumulation within bacterial membranes, inducing structural changes that compromise cell integrity, and it can act synergistically with other antimicrobial agents.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Low confidence
Effective range N/A
Optimal

N/A

Key findings

  1. 01 Demonstrated antimicrobial activity, showing greater effectiveness than thymol and carvacrol at concentrations between 0.2-0.5 mmol/L.
  2. 02 Modulates oxidative stress and inflammation in murine macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, and reduces lung emphysema and inflammation in mice.
  3. 03 A 4% concentration, tested in petrolatum, resulted in no sensitization reactions or irritation after a 48-hour closed-patch test in 25 human subjects.

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Oil
Optimal pH N/A
0 7 14

Stability

p-Cymene is stable, though flammable. It can enhance both the fragrance and overall stability of cosmetic products.

Synergies

  • Other antimicrobial agents

Conflicts

  • strong oxidizing agents
  • strong acids
  • strong bases

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Not reviewed
Sensitization risk Low

p-Cymene is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the US FDA as a food additive. However, in 2022, Sweden proposed to classify p-Cymene as Toxic to Reproduction 1B, with an opinion currently pending from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC). It is not presently restricted under Cosmetics Regulation (EU) 1223/2009. Clinical data indicates no irritation or sensitization at a 4% concentration in human patch tests.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

No Normal
No Dry
No Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy Medium
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Insufficient Data

PROPENYL P-CYMENE offers potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial benefits, but human topical efficacy data is limited, and a reproductive toxicity concern warrants careful consideration for its inclusion in precision skincare.

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