Science
Mechanism of Action
This extract functions as a potent antioxidant, primarily due to its rich content of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids (such as pinocembrin, pinostrobin, galangin, and chrysin) and phenolic acids (like caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and rosmarinic acid). These compounds effectively scavenge free radicals and regulate genes essential for antioxidant defenses. Its anti-inflammatory action is achieved by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and blocking the activation of nuclear factors. Additionally, the presence of salicin, a precursor to salicylic acid, enhances its anti-inflammatory and mild analgesic properties. The extract also supports anti-aging by stimulating epidermal cell turnover and regulating genes involved in cell renewal, while its antimicrobial, antibacterial, and antifungal properties offer protection against various microorganisms.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 Exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) in vivo (animal model) at concentrations of 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg.
- 02 Demonstrates strong cellular antioxidant properties, inhibiting up to 50% of radical production in normal human dermal fibroblasts in vitro at 200 µg/mL.
- 03 Elicited the best antioxidant effect in hydroalcoholic extracts, comparable to ascorbic acid, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in vitro.
- 04 Shows weakest growth inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans (MIC) at 0.905 mg CAE/g for Populus nigra buds extract.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Data on 'dusting' or minimal effective concentration for topical application in humans relative to common formulation percentages is not available in the provided research.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Extracts are prepared using diverse solvents, including water and ethanol-water mixtures (hydroalcoholic macerates), indicating solubility in both polar and moderately polar solvents. CO2 extraction and utilization of black poplar bud oil further suggest the presence of oil-soluble components. The stability of its bioactive phenolic compounds can be influenced by extraction methodologies and the inclusion of other antioxidants in the formulation.
Safety
Safety Profile
While Populus Nigra Flower Extract is an INCI listed ingredient, it has not undergone specific safety assessment by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel or the SCCS. Paula's Choice indicates it is 'not rated' but generally non-irritating, with ongoing research.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Populus Nigra Flower Extract is a valuable botanical ingredient, offering significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging benefits with a low risk of irritation, making it suitable for a wide range of precision skincare applications.
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