Science
Mechanism of Action
As a non-ionic surfactant and emollient, Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate actively contributes to skin hydration by forming a protective barrier that reduces transepidermal water loss. In formulations, it stabilizes oil-and-water mixtures, ensuring uniform product texture and improved spreadability. It effectively solubilizes small amounts of lipophilic substances like essential oils and fragrances into water-based systems. Additionally, it offers mild cleansing properties and has been shown to enhance the dermal penetration of other active ingredients.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidenceFor its primary functions as an emulsifier and solubilizer, typical usage levels range from 1% to 10%. For general conditioning and safety in leave-on products, concentrations up to 1.5% are widely utilized.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate is stable across a wide pH range, generally between 4 and 10. It is soluble in water, ethanol, 1,2 propanediol, and ester oils. Turbidity or minor precipitation may occur during storage; this is normal and performance is restored by homogenizing at approximately 30°C. Store in a cool, dry place, away from light and heat, with the container capped to prevent evaporation. It can be processed with both hot and cold methods and should be incorporated into the water phase.
Synergies
- Enhances the dermal penetration of other active ingredients, potentially boosting their efficacy.
Conflicts
- Insoluble in pure paraffin oil, isopropyl myristate (IPM), and vegetable oil.
- Caution is necessary when combining with potentially toxic chemicals or ingredients whose safety relies on minimal dermal absorption, due to its ability to increase the penetration of other substances into the skin.
Safety
Safety Profile
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel concluded that Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate is safe in cosmetic formulations in current practices of use and concentrations, specifically citing a maximum concentration of 1.5% for general safety in leave-on and rinse-off products when formulated to be non-irritating. It is important to note that higher concentrations, such as up to 34% for foaming bath oils, are used in certain specialized applications. The Panel issued a caution regarding its use with ingredients whose safety depends on a lack of dermal absorption, as Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate can enhance the penetration of other chemicals. No specific SCCS opinion or FDA approval status has been identified; it is generally regulated as a cosmetic ingredient.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate is a valuable, well-tolerated ingredient that significantly enhances product texture, stability, and skin hydration across a broad range of cosmetic applications.
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