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POLOXAMER 401.

Valuable CAS 9003-11-6 / SURFACTANT - CLEANSING, SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING

Poloxamer 401 is an amphiphilic block copolymer widely utilized in skincare for its multi-functional surfactant properties. It expertly aids in emulsion formation, facilitates cleansing by solubilizing oils and dirt, and enhances the solubility of other active ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

Summary

Emulsifying Surfactant Cleansing Solubilizing Stabilizing Absorption Enhancer

Science

Mechanism of Action

As an amphiphilic block copolymer, Poloxamer 401 acts primarily as a surfactant by reducing surface tension, which is crucial for forming and stabilizing emulsions of immiscible substances like oil and water. Its cleansing action stems from its ability to bind with oil and dirt particles, allowing for their easy removal with water. Furthermore, it functions as a solubilizing agent, helping to integrate ingredients that are typically insoluble in a given solvent. Notably, Poloxamer 401 has been shown to potentially enhance the dermal absorption of active agents within the stratum corneum and dermis.

Research

Clinical Evidence

High confidence
Effective range 0.005–20%
Optimal

N/A

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Both
Optimal pH N/A
0 7 14

Stability

Poloxamer 401, as an amphiphilic block copolymer composed of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) and hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) blocks, exhibits robust stability. Its unique structure enables interaction with both aqueous and oil phases, making it highly effective in stabilizing diverse formulations. This versatility allows it to form micelles, hydrogels, and lyotropic liquid crystals, supporting various product forms and improving texture.

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Safe as used
Max tested
20%
Sensitization risk Low

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has affirmed Poloxamer 401 as safe for use in cosmetic products. Due to its molecular weight and solubility, skin penetration is anticipated to be minimal. The CIR Panel emphasizes strict adherence to purification protocols to ensure impurities such as 1,4-dioxane, ethylene oxide, and propylene oxide remain below established limits. While considered a minimal ocular irritant, it is not a dermal irritant or sensitizer, with clinical tests confirming its excellent skin compatibility.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

Yes Normal
Yes Dry
Yes Oily
Yes Sensitive
Irritancy Low
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Valuable

Poloxamer 401 is a valuable multi-functional ingredient that enhances formulation stability, improves ingredient solubility, and aids cleansing, while demonstrating broad skin compatibility and a high safety profile.

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