PETASITES JAPONICUS ROOT EXTRACT.

This extract operates through multiple pathways to improve skin health. It exhibits anti-irritant efficacy by reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators like histamine and leukotrienes. Its anti-inflammatory action involves suppressing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 enzymes. Furthermore, it provides antioxidant benefits by neutralizing oxidative stress. The extract also demonstrates anti-photoaging capabilities by inhibiting MMP-1, boosting COL1A1, modulating MAPK/AP-1 and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling, balancing p53/p21, and restoring cyclin D1 and CDK4 levels, which collectively prevent UVB-induced cellular senescence. It enhances the skin's protective barrier to retain moisture and possesses antibacterial properties that can help manage acne and promote healing.