Science
Mechanism of Action
On the skin, PEG-45M functions as a humectant by forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules, thereby attracting and retaining moisture for sustained hydration and preventing dryness. It also acts as an emollient, delivering a smooth and soft skin feel. Furthermore, its film-forming capabilities create a uniform barrier that reduces transepidermal water loss and aids the adherence and even distribution of other conditioning agents. In formulations, it serves as a thickener, viscosity-increasing agent, and emulsion stabilizer, while also improving rheological properties and solubilizing poorly soluble substances.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
PEG-45M is a stable white powder with a light odor, resisting decomposition, heat, acids, and alkalis. It dissolves effectively in water with heat (around 80°C) or more readily in glycol components (70-80°C) if present in the formulation.
Synergies
- Cetyl Alcohol
- Glycerin
- Propylene Glycol
- Butylene Glycol
Safety
Safety Profile
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has affirmed PEG-45M's safety for use in cosmetic applications. This high molecular weight PEG (45,000 units) is not absorbed through healthy, intact skin and exhibits very low oral and dermal toxicity, with no mutagenic or carcinogenic properties. While manufacturing processes address potential 1,4-dioxane contamination, caution is advised for compromised or severely damaged skin, where increased penetration could lead to irritation. Allergic reactions are uncommon topically, but a patch test is prudent for individuals with heightened sensitivity.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
PEG-45M is a valuable, safe, and versatile polymer that enhances skin hydration and texture while contributing to product stability and sensorial experience.
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