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PEG-2 DISTEARATE.

Valuable CAS 109-30-8 / SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING

PEG-2 Distearate is a nonionic ester primarily employed in cosmetic formulations for its multifunctional properties. It acts as an effective emulsifier, stabilizing oil-in-water systems, while also significantly contributing to product viscosity and visual appeal.

Summary

Emulsifying Thickening Opacifying Pearlescent agent

Science

Mechanism of Action

This ingredient functions by reducing the surface tension between immiscible phases, thereby facilitating the formation and stabilization of emulsions. As a thickening agent, it interacts with water molecules to increase the viscosity of liquid formulations. Furthermore, it imparts an opaque and pearlescent finish, enhancing the aesthetic quality of cleansing products. Related polyethylene glycols are also known to support skin hydration by forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules, potentially improving barrier function.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Medium confidence
Effective range 0.5–50%
Optimal

5%

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Water
Optimal pH N/A
0 7 14

Stability

A 10% dispersion typically exhibits a pH of 7.26. While no specific optimal pH range for stability is identified, PEG-2 Distearate is generally suitable for use as a nonionic emulsifier in neutral, mildly alkaline, and acidic systems. For optimal incorporation, it should be melted with other surfactants by heating to 60°C, then thoroughly mixed into the water phase at 35°C, with pH adjusted as needed.

Conflicts

  • Should not be applied to damaged or severely compromised skin due to the potential for systemic absorption of PEGs, which may lead to adverse effects, as observed in cases of extensive burn injuries.

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Safe as used
Max tested
5%
Sensitization risk Low

The CIR Expert Panel has concluded that PEG-2 Distearate, alongside other PEG Distearates, is safe for use in cosmetic formulations. Available data for related compounds indicates low toxicity, minimal ocular irritation, and no evidence of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or reproductive/developmental toxicity. PEG Stearates, including this ingredient, were found not to be irritants, sensitizers, or phototoxins. Cosmetic manufacturers are advised to minimize exposure for products intended for use on damaged skin. There is a potential for trace amounts of 1,4-dioxane, a by-product of ethoxylation, which manufacturers should control through rigorous purification processes. PEG compounds are widely recognized as safe for cosmetic use within Europe.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

Yes Normal
Yes Dry
Yes Oily
Yes Sensitive
Irritancy Low
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Valuable

PEG-2 Distearate is a valuable ingredient, safely utilized at up to 5.0% concentration, providing essential emulsifying and thickening properties while enhancing the aesthetic appeal of a broad spectrum of skincare and cleansing products.

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