Science
Mechanism of Action
This ingredient functions by significantly lowering the surface tension between immiscible oil and water phases, thereby enabling their stable and uniform mixture within a product. On the skin, it forms a thin, protective film that effectively reduces moisture evaporation, promoting increased softness and smoothness. Its surfactant properties also facilitate the even dispersion of other ingredients, enhancing product spreadability and absorption.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidenceTypical usage is between 2% and 8% for formulation consistency, with up to 25% for thick creams.
Key findings
- 01 Clinical evaluations confirm that PEG-100 Stearate is neither an irritant nor a sensitizer, even at concentrations of 25% or greater.
- 02 A 3% concentration, when incorporated into a finished formulation, exhibited no evidence of photo-allergy, photo-toxicity, or sensitization.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
While PEG-100 Stearate is considered safe, its classification as a PEG compound can lead to scrutiny by some consumers due to concerns regarding potential trace contaminants like ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane. However, stringent manufacturing standards are applied to minimize these impurities, and regulatory bodies have affirmed its safety as used.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
PEG-100 Stearate demonstrates robust stability within a pH range of approximately 4 to 9 under normal conditions. It is frequently co-formulated with lower HLB emulsifiers, such as Glyceryl Stearate, to achieve stable oil-in-water emulsions with a desired creamy texture. It is compatible with a wide array of cosmetic ingredients and can maintain emulsion stability, particularly in high electrolyte systems, when combined with appropriate co-emulsifiers. Prior dissolution is required before dispersion in water or oil phases.
Synergies
- Glyceryl Stearate (for stable oil-in-water emulsions with creamy consistency)
- Other emulsifiers (for enhanced stability in high electrolyte formulations)
Safety
Safety Profile
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has consistently concluded that PEG-100 Stearate is safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products, reaffirming this stance in 2002 and 2005. The FDA also recognizes it as safe for specific, limited food uses. Although concerns exist regarding potential residual impurities (ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane), strict manufacturing controls are implemented to ensure minimal levels.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
PEG-100 Stearate is a valuable ingredient lauded for its essential emulsifying and emollient functionalities, contributing to stable product textures and enhanced skin hydration, with a proven low irritancy profile and a well-established safety record.
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References
Sources