Science
Mechanism of Action
Functioning primarily as a surfactant and emulsifier, PEG-100 Stearate significantly lowers the surface tension between immiscible liquid phases, enabling the stable formation of oil-in-water emulsions. This property is crucial for product stability and uniformity. As a surfactant, it aids in skin and hair cleansing by allowing hydrophobic impurities (oil, dirt) to disperse in water for efficient rinsing. Furthermore, on the skin's surface, it forms a fine, protective layer that acts as an emollient and lubricant, effectively minimizing trans-epidermal water loss, promoting increased water retention, and bestowing a perceptibly soft and smooth skin finish. Its presence also improves product spreadability, facilitating the even application and optimal distribution of other active ingredients.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence5%
Key findings
- 01 PEG-100 Stearate is typically used in blends with Glyceryl Stearate, with common concentrations ranging from 2% to 8% in cosmetic formulations, and up to 25% for thicker cream consistencies. When used alone in sensitive applications like baby lotions, reported concentrations are up to 1.4%.
- 02 The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel concluded that PEG Stearates, including PEG-100 Stearate, were neither irritant nor sensitizer at concentrations of 25% or greater.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
PEG-100 Stearate is a well-established and widely utilized ingredient with a clear range of functional concentrations. Its integration into formulations is based on specific performance requirements, making the concept of 'dusting' inapplicable.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
PEG-100 Stearate demonstrates robust compatibility with a broad array of cosmetic ingredients, contributing significantly to formulation stability and preventing phase separation over time. When co-formulated with Glyceryl Stearate, it creates a highly effective emulsifier system that is tolerant to both salts and acids, maintaining stability across a wide pH range. A typical 3% solution of this ingredient exhibits a pH between 5.5 and 7.5.
Synergies
- Glyceryl Stearate (enhances emulsification and overall formulation stability)
Safety
Safety Profile
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has thoroughly assessed PEG-100 Stearate, reaffirming its safety for use in cosmetic products under current practices and concentrations in 2005. Animal studies indicated only minimal skin irritation even when applied at 100% concentration. Although concerns exist regarding potential trace impurities such as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane, the cosmetic industry adheres to rigorous manufacturing standards to minimize these levels, ensuring the ingredient's overall safety profile.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
PEG-100 Stearate is a valuable, well-tolerated ingredient that provides essential emulsifying, cleansing, and emollient benefits, contributing significantly to the stability and performance of a broad spectrum of skincare and cosmetic formulations.
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