PAEONIA LACTIFLORA FLOWER WATER.

This ingredient functions across multiple biological pathways to enhance skin health. It exhibits strong antioxidant activity by directly scavenging free radicals (DPPH, ABTS) and augmenting ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Its antiglycation capacity is crucial in preventing the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which contribute to skin aging. Paeonia Lactiflora Flower Water can inhibit tyrosinase activity, leading to a visible brightening effect and regulation of melanin production. Anti-inflammatory actions are observed through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), reduction of nitric oxide (NO) and other inflammatory factors, and deactivation of inflammatory signaling pathways such as MAPK and NF-κB. Additionally, it demonstrates anticollagenase activity, which helps preserve collagen integrity, reducing the appearance of wrinkles and improving skin firmness. It further supports skin renewal by protecting against UV-induced damage, improving cellular activity, promoting microcirculation, and enhancing nutrient delivery to the epidermis, thereby alleviating redness and supporting healthy skin function.