OPUNTIA HUMIFUSA STEM EXTRACT.

This extract operates by diverse pathways to optimize skin condition. Rich in beneficial compounds like polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and piscidic acid, it functions as a powerful antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and mitigating oxidative stress. It exhibits humectant properties, drawing and retaining moisture to deeply hydrate the skin, and its anti-inflammatory action reduces redness and irritation by blocking sensory nerve cell stress markers. Furthermore, it regulates hyaluronic acid production, notably increasing HA synthases (HAS1, HAS2, HAS3) mRNA levels and decreasing hyaluronidase mRNA in UVB-irradiated cells, which is crucial for maintaining skin plumpness and elasticity. The extract also stimulates collagen production, aids in brightening by inhibiting melanin synthesis, and helps to tighten pores.