NYCTANTHES ARBOR-TRISTIS SEED EXTRACT.

This extract operates through multiple pathways to improve skin health. As a powerful antioxidant, it actively neutralizes free radicals, safeguarding cellular structures from oxidative stress; this action is partly attributed to compounds such as ascorbic acid, quercetin, and oleanolic acid. Its significant anti-inflammatory capacity stems from modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α, and by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB. Specifically, iridoid glycosides, including arbortristoside-A present in the seeds, help reduce inflammation by suppressing key mediators like histamine, serotonin, and prostaglandins, addressing both initial vascular responses and later cellular inflammatory phases. Furthermore, flavonoids like quercetin contribute by inhibiting pro-inflammatory enzymes such as lipoxygenase and COX-2. The presence of carotenoids within the plant also aids in combating photoaging by scavenging reactive oxygen species, regulating oxidative stress signaling pathways (MAPK, Nrf2, NF-κB), encouraging the formation of a robust skin barrier, and boosting the production of essential collagen and elastin.