NARDOSTACHYS CHINENSIS EXTRACT.

Nardostachys chinensis Extract (and related N. jatamansi) primarily functions as a robust antioxidant, actively reducing oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species. This action is supported by its ability to increase endogenous antioxidant enzymes like glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), while simultaneously decreasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. Its anti-inflammatory capabilities stem from inhibiting the production of key proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. The extract also attenuates the overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2, with specific compounds shown to block NF-κB and JAK/STAT activation. For skin brightening, it directly inhibits melanin biosynthesis and tyrosinase activity. Additionally, it acts as a skin conditioning agent, contributing to improved moisture retention.