MICHELIA LONGIFLORA FLOWER EXTRACT.

This extract functions through several key pathways. Its antioxidant capacity stems from its ability to deplete cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit lipid peroxidation, protecting skin cells from oxidative stress. For skin brightening, it works by inhibiting the expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1, enzymes crucial for melanin synthesis. Anti-inflammatory effects are observed through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase, which reduces prostaglandin production, and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, TNF-α, and IL-6. Furthermore, it provides antimicrobial activity against bacteria like Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Staphylococcus aureus, both known to contribute to acne development.