KALOPANAX PICTUS EXTRACT.

This extract exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by modulating key cellular pathways, including the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK activities. This action leads to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, as well as inflammatory mediators like PGE2, MMP-2, MMP-9, and nitric oxide production. Additionally, it possesses robust antioxidant capabilities through compounds like protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid, effectively scavenging DPPH radicals and safeguarding cells against oxidative damage. Its active components, including kalopanaxsaponins and various phenolic compounds, are involved in these protective and adaptive stress responses.