Science
Mechanism of Action
This extract reduces inflammation by inactivating nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) action, specifically by diminishing the phosphorylation of its p65 transcript factor and the degradation of nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor alpha (IκBα). It can also operate through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (p38 or ERK). Its antioxidant efficacy is attributed to its ability to directly scavenge free radicals. Furthermore, it promotes anti-aging effects by inhibiting collagen reduction and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production, thereby improving skin elasticity and mitigating dryness.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 In vitro studies at 100 µg/mL demonstrated that Ilex Rotunda leaf extract significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in RAW264.7 macrophages, indicating potent anti-inflammatory potential.
- 02 Ilex Rotunda extract (with one study specifically noting twig extract) at 100 µg/mL exhibited notable antioxidant capacity through DPPH radical scavenging activity assays, protecting against oxidative stress.
- 03 A cosmetic composition incorporating Ilex Rotunda extract within a concentration range of 0.0001-20.0 wt.% was shown to enhance collagen biosynthesis by reducing age-related collagen degradation and inhibiting MMP-1 production, leading to a decrease in skin wrinkles and improved skin hydration.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
No data within the provided research suggests this ingredient is commonly used at concentrations considered for 'dusting' in formulations, nor does it indicate specific thresholds for such concerns.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
The extract is typically prepared using solvents like water and ethanol, suggesting that its active components possess a range of solubilities, making it adaptable for diverse formulation types.
Safety
Safety Profile
Specific safety assessments by prominent regulatory bodies such as CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review), SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), or FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for Ilex Rotunda Leaf Extract were not identified in the available research data.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Ilex Rotunda Leaf Extract is a valuable botanical ingredient, demonstrating scientifically plausible anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and collagen-supporting benefits, making it suitable for a broad range of skincare formulations.
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