Science
Mechanism of Action
This extract primarily functions as a powerful antioxidant, attributed to compounds such as quercetin and galangin, which effectively neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative cellular damage. Its anti-inflammatory action stems from a significant reduction in Interleukin-8 (IL-8) production by macrophage cells. Additionally, it provides broad-spectrum antimicrobial benefits, including antibacterial and antifungal effects, which can mitigate issues related to pathogenic skin flora. Notable phytochemicals, including squalene (13.57%) and 1,2,3-benzenetriol (22.53%) identified in methanolic extracts, further bolster its medicinal and protective properties.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 Potent antioxidant activity demonstrated with an IC50 value of 2.71 µg/mL.
- 02 Exhibited antimicrobial action against Actinomyces israelii at a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.88 mg/ml.
- 03 Showed antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans with an MIC of 2.6 mg/ml.
- 04 Demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing IL-8 production in macrophage cells.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
No specific data on typical usage concentrations in cosmetic formulations or reported dusting issues are available for this ingredient.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
No specific optimal pH range for stability in cosmetic formulations was found. The existence of aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts indicates broad solubility in polar solvents, with potential oil-soluble components. Oral context pH adjustments (8-10 for lactic acid, 8-9 for acetic acid) are not directly relevant to extract stability.
Safety
Safety Profile
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) has not reviewed this ingredient. While preclinical animal studies indicate a No-Observed-Effect Level (NOEL) at 200 mg/kg, suggesting low systemic toxicity at evaluated doses, moderate cytotoxicity was observed in human monocyte cells at 35.56 ± 0.16 μg/ml. Additionally, higher concentrations were potentially harmful to Vero cells. Further comprehensive studies are required to fully establish its safety profile and clinical relevance for topical applications.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
While exhibiting promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties in preclinical studies, further comprehensive research is necessary to confirm its topical efficacy, optimal concentrations, and long-term safety for cosmetic applications.
Related
Similar Ingredients
Finding similar ingredients…
References
Sources