GEUM URBANUM ROOT EXTRACT.

Geum Urbanum Root Extract exerts its effects through a rich profile of active compounds, notably ellagitannins (such as gemin A, pedunculagin, stachyurin, and casuarinin) and flavonoids. These compounds act synergistically to significantly reduce inflammation by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β) and chemokines, and by decreasing the surface expression of CD11b on stimulated neutrophils. Gemin A specifically promotes TNF-α release, which may lead to neutrophil apoptosis, further moderating inflammatory responses. Its robust antioxidant capacity, attributed to flavonoids and ellagitannins, effectively mitigates oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the extract demonstrates broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against pathogens like E. coli, S. aureus, and Cutibacterium acnes, partly due to its eugenol content and the formation of a protective tannin-rich layer. The high tannin content also provides distinct astringent qualities, which can help soothe irritated skin and reduce temporary redness.