GALIUM ODORATUM EXTRACT.

This extract exerts its beneficial effects through several key mechanisms. It functions as an effective scavenger of free radicals, thereby providing robust antioxidant protection. Its anti-inflammatory capabilities are partly attributed to compounds such as coumarins, which reduce tissue swelling and inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, and flavonoids, which act as direct radical scavengers. It also actively reduces M1 macrophage polarization, a critical pathway in inflammatory responses. Furthermore, the extract promotes fibroblast proliferation and enhances the tensile strength of newly formed skin, accelerating the wound healing cascade, and exhibits antimicrobial properties that support a healthy healing environment. Phytochemicals including coumarins, flavonoids, and tannins are primarily responsible for these activities.