Science
Mechanism of Action
This extract primarily exerts anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting key pro-inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6. It also downregulates the phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling proteins, crucial pathways in inflammatory responses. Its antioxidant efficacy is attributed to a rich profile of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids, including (+)-catechin, miquelianin, quercitrin, and afzelin, which effectively neutralize various free radicals.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 In vitro studies on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells demonstrated dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity, with up to 71.4% inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and 74.9% inhibition of IL-6 observed at 50 µg/mL. Cell viability remained over 80% at these concentrations.
- 02 In TNF-α + IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocyte cells, the extract suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) and chemokines (MCP-1) in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating anti-atopic potential for skin inflammation. Cell viability ranged from 95.3% to 104.6% at the tested concentrations.
- 03 Potent antioxidant activities, specifically DPPH and superoxide anion radical-scavenging, were observed with IC50 values as low as 4.07-4.62 µg/mL for specific ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. No cytotoxicity was observed in THP-1 cells at 50 µg/mL.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Safety
Safety Profile
While in vitro studies consistently reported no cytotoxicity at tested concentrations up to 50 µg/mL, its Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) status is 'not reviewed.' One external source indicates a 'likelihood of irritation' which 'increases when combined with other problematic ingredients' and 'may cause irritation, inflammation, dryness, etc.' Further human safety and irritation potential require comprehensive investigation.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Filipendula glaberrima extract demonstrates promising in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but its comprehensive safety profile and efficacy in human skin require further investigation to meet precision skincare standards.
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References
Sources