EUPHORBIA SUPINA STEM EXTRACT.

This extract functions comprehensively across multiple pathways to improve skin health. As an antioxidant, it precisely inhibits oxygen-favored reactions, thereby preventing cellular oxidation and rancidity, and effectively scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). For skin brightening, it reduces melanin content by directly inhibiting tyrosinase enzyme activity and suppressing microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression, which subsequently attenuates α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated melanin synthesis. Its anti-inflammatory properties, traditionally recognized for treating inflammatory disorders, protect keratinocytes from diesel particulate matter (DPM)-induced apoptosis through inhibition of NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation and suppression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation-mediated transcription of NCF1/p47phox. Furthermore, it exhibits antimicrobial effects by slowing microbial growth on the skin, provides astringent action by helping to tighten pores, and demonstrates wound-healing capabilities.