Science
Mechanism of Action
Donkey milk acts on the skin through a complex interplay of its rich composition. Lactic acid provides a gentle exfoliating action, promoting skin cell turnover and enhancing luminosity. Its abundant content of vitamins (A, C, D, E, B1, B2, B6), essential fatty acids (Omega 3 and 6), amino acids, proteins (including lactoferrin and whey proteins), and minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc) helps fortify the skin's natural moisture barrier, attracting and retaining water. Retinol (Vitamin A) and antioxidants combat free radical damage and stimulate collagen production, visibly reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Furthermore, Vitamin D and other bioactive compounds provide anti-inflammatory properties, soothing irritated skin. It enhances skin barrier function by up-regulating filaggrin expression and inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, contributing to a more even and brighter skin tone.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 Cosmetic formulations utilizing over 30% donkey milk were found to promote skin metabolism, enhance blood circulation, significantly improve skin hydration and elasticity, restore skin luster, inhibit pigment increase, reduce freckles, whiten skin, diminish pore size, regulate skin texture, and delay skin aging.
- 02 Creams with skimmed donkey milk encapsulated in nanoliposomes demonstrated satisfactory moisturizing properties very soon after application, with hydration peaking earlier with night cream. A slight decrease in transepidermal water loss was observed after 4 weeks of treatment, with no change in skin pH, suggesting enhanced moisture and potential deeper permeation for anti-aging effects.
- 03 In an O/W emulsion with pomegranate extract and UV filters, donkey milk decreased wrinkle count by 32.9% and wrinkle length by 9.6% over 28 days on 32 volunteers. Skin hydration increased by 11.4%, firmness by 9.6%, and elasticity by 16.1%, alongside improved skin color homogeneity, confirming anti-aging and photoaging prevention effects.
- 04 A body lotion formulated with 10% donkey milk was noted for its effective, grease-free hydration, providing relief for dry skin.
- 05 In vitro, donkey milk exhibited potent inhibitory effects on melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, and related gene expressions. In mice, it increased epidermal thickness and restored skin barrier function by up-regulating filaggrin (FLG) expression after UVB exposure, indicating potential for anti-pigmentation and skin barrier protection.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Clinical studies indicate efficacy at concentrations ranging from 10% up to over 30%, suggesting that donkey milk is generally incorporated into formulations at functional levels to deliver its broad spectrum of benefits rather than for minimal inclusion.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Donkey milk has a natural pH of approximately 6.95. To enhance stability and prevent rancidity, it is often processed into a powdered form for use as an ingredient. It can be effectively formulated into oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions and can be encapsulated in nanoliposomes to improve delivery and enhance moisturizing effects.
Synergies
- Enhanced delivery and moisturizing properties when encapsulated in nanoliposomes.
- Amplified anti-aging effects when combined with pomegranate extract and UV filters.
Safety
Safety Profile
Donkey milk is generally considered gentle and mild for topical application. However, individuals with known dairy allergies should exercise caution. Specific review by regulatory bodies such as CIR, SCCS, or FDA for 'donkey milk' as a cosmetic ingredient has not been identified. While no specific maximum limits for donkey milk are set, raw donkey milk may be subject to general EU regulations concerning potential contaminants like heavy metals or pesticides.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Donkey milk is a valuable multi-functional ingredient, providing significant hydration, anti-aging, soothing, and skin-brightening benefits suitable for all skin types, with robust clinical backing for its diverse effects.
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References
Sources