Science
Mechanism of Action
This ingredient operates as a powerful antioxidant and redox modulator, exhibiting a robust free radical scavenging capacity, quantified at seven times greater efficacy than vitamin C. Its action extends to safeguarding mitochondria from oxidative damage, augmenting mitochondrial density and function, and boosting ATP production for enhanced cellular vitality. It contributes to suppressing skin aging through multiple pathways: diminishing oxidative stress and DNA damage, fostering cell proliferation, inhibiting cell senescence, and reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion. This comprehensive action promotes increased collagen synthesis while concurrently decreasing its degradation. Furthermore, it supports neuronal growth factor (NGF) expression and demonstrates a capacity to mitigate UVB-induced active caspase-1 release in human keratinocytes.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
There is no available data to indicate this ingredient is commonly dusted in formulations.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
The ingredient maintains stability in aqueous solutions within a pH range of 3.6 to 6.0 when stored in the dark at temperatures not exceeding 30°C for at least 36 months. However, exposure to 50°C in the dark or 30°C under light significantly diminishes its content over time. It is susceptible to moisture, light, and heat, with a visible color transition from red to dark brown upon reduction in water content.
Safety
Safety Profile
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has not conducted a specific review for topical cosmetic use. Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (PQQ disodium salt) holds 'Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS)' status from the FDA for oral consumption as a supplemental food ingredient, with multiple GRAS Notices on file. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel also deems PQQ disodium salt safe for oral use in food supplements at a maximum of 20 mg/day. Oral toxicity studies in rats established no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) at 100 mg/kg body weight/day and 400 mg/kg bw/d. It is crucial to note that these comprehensive safety assessments are specific to oral intake and do not directly address topical application.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
This ingredient is valuable for its potent antioxidant and anti-aging properties, supporting mitochondrial health and skin integrity, despite limited specific topical efficacy data.
Related
Similar Ingredients
Finding similar ingredients…
References
Sources