Science
Mechanism of Action
The extract utilizes tannins to provide an astringent effect, visibly tightening pores and improving skin texture. Its flavonoid and polyphenol content neutralizes oxidative stress from environmental factors, while terpene compounds like alpha-pinene and cedrol deliver anti-inflammatory benefits to reduce surface redness. Additionally, it exhibits antimicrobial properties that help regulate the skin's microbial environment.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence0.5%
Key findings
- 01 In vitro testing showed 100% inhibition of Helicobacter pylori at a 0.1% v/v concentration of the essential oil component.
- 02 Antioxidant assays demonstrated a 50% reduction in DPPH radicals (IC50) at a concentration of 290.09 μg/mL.
- 03 Antibacterial analysis confirmed significant efficacy against K. pneumoniae strains at concentrations between 250-500 μg/mL.
- 04 Studies on virucidal activity against HSV-1 showed a 68% effectiveness at a 1:32 dilution.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Often included in formulations at very low levels (below 0.05%) for its masking or scent properties rather than its physiological skin-conditioning or antimicrobial benefits, which typically require concentrations of 0.1% or higher.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
The extract is highly sensitive to oxidation; raw materials must maintain a peroxide value of less than 10 mmoles/L to comply with EU safety standards. Essential oil fractions must be properly diluted to prevent irritation.
Synergies
- Niacinamide (for oil regulation)
- Vitamin E (to stabilize terpene components)
- Witch Hazel (for enhanced astringency)
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
Safety
Safety Profile
Classified as a restricted substance (Annex III/123) under EU Regulation 1223/2009. While generally safe, the presence of oxidized terpenes can cause sensitization, necessitating strict control over peroxide levels.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
An excellent multi-functional botanical for oily and congested skin types, provided it is formulated to prevent oxidation and used at concentrations above 0.1%.
Related
Similar Ingredients
Finding similar ingredients…
References
Sources