Science
Mechanism of Action
The extract utilizes a diverse profile of flavonoids, polyphenols, and limonoids to neutralize oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Additionally, its inherent acridone alkaloids and essential oils provide a natural defensive barrier against common bacterial and fungal pathogens, while simultaneously exerting anti-inflammatory effects to calm the skin matrix.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Because CIR safety restrictions limit the phototoxic 5-MOP content to just 15 ppm in leave-on products, this ingredient is almost always present at extremely low concentrations, often making its inclusion more about botanical storytelling than high-dose performance.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Contains furanocoumarins which are potentially phototoxic; formulations require strict monitoring of 5-methoxypsoralen levels. It is ideally suited for evening formulations or must be paired with broad-spectrum UV protection.
Synergies
- Broad-spectrum Sunscreen
- Vitamin E
- Chelating agents
Conflicts
- Carbomer
- Anionic emulsifiers
- Certain surfactants
Safety
Safety Profile
Safety is contingent on the concentration of 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) remaining below 0.0015% (15 ppm) to prevent photosensitivity. It must be formulated to be non-irritating.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A beneficial botanical for antioxidant support and toning, though its efficacy is constrained by necessary safety limits regarding phototoxicity.
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References
Sources