Science
Mechanism of Action
Its potent antioxidant polyphenols, including Vitamin C, combat free radicals. Natural AHAs like citric and malic acid promote gentle exfoliation, while Vitamin C also supports collagen production for improved firmness and elasticity.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Glycerine-based extracts are water-soluble and can be used in emulsions. Formulators must limit furocoumarin content, specifically 5-methoxypsoralen, in leave-on products to prevent phototoxicity and ensure non-irritating formulations.
Safety
Safety Profile
The CIR Expert Panel deems this extract safe when formulated to be non-sensitizing and non-irritating. For leave-on products, the 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) concentration must not exceed 0.0015% (15 ppm) due to potential phototoxicity risks.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A valuable multifunctional botanical, offering antioxidant protection, gentle exfoliation, and brightening, provided it is meticulously formulated to adhere to phototoxicity and irritation safety guidelines.
Related
Similar Ingredients
Finding similar ingredients…