Science
Mechanism of Action
This ingredient utilizes a dense profile of polyphenols to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigate oxidative stress. Its natural astringent properties facilitate the constriction of dilated pores and tissue toning, while its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compounds support the skin's healing response and barrier regeneration.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 Methanolic extracts demonstrated an IC50 of 0.047 mg/ml for antioxidant activity, showing potency comparable to ascorbic acid.
- 02 At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, the extract contributed a secondary sun protection factor (SPF) ranging from 3.42 to 3.77.
- 03 In vitro assays (DPPH) confirmed significant radical scavenging activity at an IC50 of 266.6 μg/mL.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Because it is a hydrosol, it is frequently used in trace amounts (0.1% or less) to claim 'botanical' status on labels. However, its therapeutic astringent and antioxidant benefits are most significant when utilized as a primary aqueous base or at concentrations above 1%.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Highly susceptible to microbial contamination; must be stored in a cool environment (ideally 4-8°C) and used within 6 months of opening.
Synergies
- Ascorbic Acid
- Niacinamide
- Witch Hazel
Safety
Safety Profile
Demonstrated minimal toxicity against human skin-derived fibroblasts and keratinocytes, supporting its safety profile for topical application.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A high-performance botanical water that provides measurable antioxidant protection and pore-refining benefits, particularly for mature or reactive skin types.
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References
Sources