Science
Mechanism of Action
The water utilizes a complex matrix of flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) and provide photo-protective benefits. Additionally, its natural concentration of saponins and alkaloids exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, while volatile aromatic compounds like linalool offer skin-soothing properties.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence0.05%
Key findings
- 01 Observed significant radical scavenging (DPPH/ABTS) and UV-absorption capabilities at concentrations as low as 0.02%.
- 02 Demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus and acne-related pathogens with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.01% w/v.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Because this ingredient is effective at very low concentrations (0.01%), many brands include it at 'label-only' levels below the therapeutic threshold to claim botanical benefits without achieving actual antioxidant or antimicrobial results.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Highly sensitive to thermal degradation and UV exposure; should be stored in opaque packaging and formulated at a slightly acidic pH to preserve volatile aromatic integrity.
Synergies
- Ascorbic Acid
- Tocopherol
- Hyaluronic Acid
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- High pH alkaline environments (>7.5)
Safety
Safety Profile
While the raw plant contains toxic solanine alkaloids, the steam-distilled water is safe for topical application. Rare respiratory sensitivity may occur from the raw floral scent, but is typically absent in processed skincare formulations.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A high-performance botanical distillate that provides significant antioxidant and antimicrobial protection at remarkably low inclusion rates.
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