Science
Mechanism of Action
It functions via a triple-action pathway: neutralizing oxidative stress through ROS scavenging, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) by blocking p38 MAPK signaling, and preserving the dermal matrix by stimulating TGF-β1 collagen synthesis while simultaneously suppressing collagen-degrading enzymes like MMP-1.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence0.25%
Key findings
- 01 Concentrations as low as 0.0001% effectively boosted type I procollagen and inhibited UV-induced matrix metalloproteinases.
- 02 High concentrations (10-20%) demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against P. acnes, suggesting high-dose efficacy for blemish control.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Because biological activity is documented at extremely low thresholds (0.0001%), brands often 'label-dress' with trace amounts that lack clinical impact for anti-inflammatory or antibacterial goals.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Highly stable in water-based systems within a slightly acidic range. Avoid overheating during manufacture to preserve heat-sensitive enzymatic components.
Synergies
- Vitamin C
- Hyaluronic Acid
- Niacinamide
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- High alkaline environments (pH > 8.0)
Safety
Safety Profile
While safe in typical formulation ranges, the CIR notes a lack of specific data for leaf-derived extracts compared to fruit-derived counterparts regarding high-dose leave-on use.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
An exceptionally versatile botanical that bridges the gap between soothing hydration and advanced anti-aging protection.
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References
Sources