Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions as a cellular antioxidant by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and replenishing intracellular glutathione stores. Reduces inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-6, IL-8) through NF-κB pathway modulation. Achieves skin brightening via tyrosinase inhibition through antioxidant activity, copper chelation, and melanosome transport disruption.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence0.4%
Key findings
- 01 Significant reduction in inflammatory lesions, erythema, and scaling in seborrheic dermatitis patients with high tolerability
- 02 Significant reduction in UV-induced erythema (p=0.0003) and improved skin brightness through melanin index reduction
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Clinical efficacy demonstrated at 0.4%, making concentrations below 0.1% likely insufficient for meaningful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Enhanced stability compared to pure glutathione due to butyryl esterification protecting against autoxidation. Susceptible to hydrolysis at pH extremes.
Synergies
- Hyaluronic Acid
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- Highly alkaline ingredients (pH > 7.0)
- Strong acids
Safety
Safety Profile
Clinical studies report non-toxicity to human fibroblasts and excellent tolerability up to 2% without irritation or cytotoxicity
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A scientifically-backed antioxidant with demonstrated clinical efficacy for inflammation and brightening at reasonable concentrations.
Related
Similar Ingredients
Finding similar ingredients…
References
Sources