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Moumoujus

BUTYL PROPIONATE.

Valuable CAS 590-01-2 / PERFUMING

Butyl propionate is a versatile ester compound that serves multiple roles in skincare formulations as a solvent, penetration enhancer, and fragrance component. With its balanced polarity and lipophilic properties, it effectively solubilizes oil-based actives while facilitating their delivery through the skin barrier. This multifunctional ingredient contributes a subtle fruity scent profile while optimizing the performance of accompanying active ingredients.

Summary

solvent penetration enhancer fragrance masking agent

Science

Mechanism of Action

Functions through its ester structure and balanced polarity to dissolve lipophilic compounds like vitamins and essential oils, enhancing their distribution within formulations. Acts as a skin penetration enhancer by modifying the stratum corneum barrier properties, allowing improved delivery of active ingredients. Additionally stabilizes oil-based matrices by increasing melting points and preventing component separation.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Medium confidence
Effective range 5–10%
Optimal

7.5%

Key findings

  1. 01 Demonstrated effectiveness as high-solvency carrier at 5-10% concentrations for oil-based component retention
  2. 02 Patent literature confirms penetration enhancement properties for TRPM8 modulators and other actives

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

Primarily used as a functional solvent and penetration enhancer rather than a marketing ingredient, making dusting uncommon

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Oil
Optimal pH 5 – 7.5
0 7 14

Stability

Maintains high stability within neutral pH range but undergoes hydrolysis to n-butanol and propionic acid under extreme acidic or alkaline conditions. Flammable with flash point of 38°C.

Synergies

  • Lipophilic vitamins
  • Essential oils
  • Oil-based actives

Conflicts

  • Strong oxidizing agents
  • Strong acids
  • Strong bases

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Not reviewed
Max tested
10%
Pregnancy
Safe
Sensitization risk Moderate

FDA recognizes as GRAS for food applications (21 CFR 172.515). RIFM safety assessment established NOAEL of 2071 mg/kg/day. Concentrated forms may cause skin and eye irritation (H315, H319 classifications).

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

Yes Normal
Yes Dry
Yes Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy Moderate
Comedogenicity Low

Our Assessment

Verdict

Valuable

A multifunctional ingredient that enhances formulation stability and active ingredient delivery, though best avoided in sensitive skin products due to moderate irritation potential.

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References

Sources