Science
Mechanism of Action
Works by attracting and binding moisture to the outermost layer of skin (stratum corneum) through its humectant properties, while simultaneously filling microscopic gaps between skin cells to create a smoother, softer surface texture. Additionally functions as a bioavailability enhancer, improving how other actives penetrate and perform in formulations.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence0.5%
Key findings
- 01 Demonstrated effective performance as solvent and stabilizer in anti-aging formulations, enhancing formula durability and texture
- 02 Showed non-sensitizing properties in guinea pig maximization testing at challenge concentrations up to 100%
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Typically used at functional concentrations below 0.5% where it provides meaningful solvent and humectant benefits, making dusting unlikely in properly formulated products.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Exhibits superior hydrolytic resistance compared to neopentyl glycol and maintains stability across typical cosmetic pH ranges. Performance may be compromised in highly alkaline environments above pH 10.
Synergies
- UV filters and sunscreen actives
- Anti-aging peptides and vitamins
- Other humectants like hyaluronic acid
Conflicts
- Extremely high pH (>10) environments
- Strong oxidizing agents
Safety
Safety Profile
CIR Expert Panel concluded safety for current cosmetic use practices. Exhibits slightly higher irritation potential than 1,3-propanediol in concentrated forms, but remains generally well-tolerated.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A competent multifunctional ingredient that enhances formula performance and provides mild hydration benefits, though not essential for most skincare routines.
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References
Sources