Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions through multiple pathways: inhibits melanin synthesis and regulates pigment-related gene expression for brightening effects, stimulates production of structural proteins laminin-5 and collagen IV for improved skin integrity, and neutralizes free radicals while suppressing inflammatory NF-kappa B and p38 MAPK pathways.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence0.001%
Key findings
- 01 Korean study showing 78% collagen synthesis increase at 0.001%
- 02 DPPH radical scavenging activity of 18-72% at 0.05-0.3%
- 03 Depigmentation and matrix protein enhancement in water-ethanol preparations
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Given proven efficacy at very low concentrations (0.0005-0.001%), formulations below this range likely provide minimal benefit despite marketing claims.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Peak antioxidant activity occurs at pH 7.0, though phenolic compounds remain stable across pH 2.0-9.0 range. Extremely heat-sensitive with up to 75% activity loss above 80°C during processing.
Synergies
- Other antioxidants in brightening formulations
- Matrix-supporting peptides
Conflicts
- High temperatures above 80°C
- Strong oxidizing agents
Safety
Safety Profile
Related Brassica species have established safety profiles. Oral toxicity studies show no adverse effects up to 2000 mg/kg, suggesting excellent safety margin for topical use.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Well-researched extract with proven multi-functional benefits at low concentrations, offering excellent safety profile across all skin types.
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