Science
Mechanism of Action
Activates the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE cellular pathway through isothiocyanates and sulforaphane, inducing Phase II detoxification enzymes that neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress while supporting skin barrier integrity with vitamins A, C, and K
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence3%
Key findings
- 01 Active Concepts studies demonstrate effective Nrf2 pathway activation at 1-10% concentrations
- 02 MDPI research shows significant DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 values between 50-1600 µg/mL
- 03 BMC studies confirm neuroprotective effects with reduced inflammatory and oxidative stress markers
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Effective concentrations start at 1% with meaningful benefits, making sub-0.5% formulations likely insufficient for antioxidant and detoxification benefits
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Heat-sensitive phenolic compounds require cool-down phase addition below 40°C; most stable in aqueous or glycerin-based systems with protection from oxidation
Synergies
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin E
- Glycerin
- Hyaluronic acid
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- High pH formulations above 7.5
- High temperature processing
Safety
Safety Profile
CIR Expert Panel assessment confirms safety of Brassica oleracea-derived ingredients in current usage practices with typical leave-on concentrations below 5%
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A scientifically-backed antioxidant powerhouse with proven cellular detoxification benefits and excellent safety profile across all skin types.
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References
Sources