Science
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits tyrosinase enzyme activity to regulate melanin synthesis and reduce existing pigmentation, while phenolic compounds neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammatory responses that can trigger further darkening
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence3%
Key findings
- 01 Dose-dependent melanin reduction in melanocyte cultures via tyrosinase inhibition
- 02 Significant luminosity improvement and complexion evening in mature skin over 4 weeks
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Effective concentrations start at 1% with optimal results at 3%, making meaningful inclusion straightforward to identify
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Heat-sensitive phenolic compounds require processing below 60°C; hydrolyzed forms offer enhanced aqueous stability
Synergies
- vitamin C
- niacinamide
- alpha arbutin
Conflicts
- strong oxidizing agents
- high heat processing
Safety
Safety Profile
Safety profile established through CIR review of related Brassica napus seed oil at concentrations up to 17%
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Well-researched brightening ingredient with proven efficacy and excellent safety profile across all skin types.
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