Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions through multiple pathways: inhibits COX enzymes and suppresses inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), disrupts microbial cell membranes for antimicrobial action, and neutralizes free radicals via phenolic compounds and vitamin E to prevent lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence0.5%
Key findings
- 01 Anti-inflammatory activity with 56.70% reduction in edema at 0.5-1.0% concentration
- 02 Strong antioxidant activity with IC50 of 103 μg/mL for DPPH scavenging at 0.01%
- 03 Antimicrobial efficacy against viral replication up to 1.0% without cytotoxicity
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Effective concentrations start at 0.01% with proven clinical benefits, making trace amounts below this threshold likely ineffective for meaningful skin benefits.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Glucosinolates maintain stability in acidic conditions but degrade to isothiocyanates in neutral pH environments. Mucilage components remain stable down to pH 3.5.
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
Safety
Safety Profile
FDA GRAS status under Section 182.20 for natural extractives. Reviewed in CIR Plant-Derived Edible Oils assessment with favorable safety profile.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A well-researched botanical extract offering proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits with excellent safety profile and universal skin type compatibility.
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