Science
Mechanism of Action
Its antioxidant activity is attributed to compounds such as caffeic acid and rutin. Anti-inflammatory effects are achieved by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways, which also reduces mast cell-mediated allergic responses.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 Inhibited the release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine from mast cells, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and reduced Th2 cytokine IL-4 expression in IgE-mediated allergic immune response (in vitro and in vivo mouse model).
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
The specified optimal pH range (3.5-8.0) is derived from patent data concerning the extract's preparation for oral use, not directly for cosmetic stability.
Safety
Safety Profile
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) has classified this ingredient as having 'insufficient data' for a safety conclusion, with no 'safe as used' concentration established.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
While exhibiting promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in preliminary studies, further research, especially human topical clinical trials and comprehensive safety data, is needed to fully ascertain its cosmetic efficacy and safety.
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References
Sources