Science
Mechanism of Action
This ingredient functions through a dual-action pathway: first, its particulate structure provides controlled physical abrasion to remove accumulated dead skin cells. Second, upon contact with moisture, it releases tannins and flavonoids (specifically hyperoside and quercetin) which exert astringent effects to refine pore appearance and provide antioxidant protection against inflammatory stressors.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence0.5%
Key findings
- 01 2020 CIR Safety Assessment confirming non-sensitizing properties in leave-on formulations at 0.1-0.5%.
- 02 Industry data supporting safe mechanical desquamation in rinse-off applications between 1.0% and 10.0%.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Because it functions as both a physical abrasive and a phytochemical source, concentrations below 0.1% are generally insufficient to provide either meaningful exfoliation or therapeutic levels of flavonoids.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Highly stable as a dry powder but requires a robust preservation system in aqueous environments due to microbial susceptibility. Particle size must be precisely calibrated to ensure non-traumatic exfoliation.
Synergies
- Clays
- Botanical extracts
- Mild surfactants
Conflicts
- Low-viscosity liquids (due to sedimentation risk)
- Strong oxidizers
Safety
Safety Profile
Maximum concentration of 0.5% is recommended for leave-on products; concentrations up to 10% are validated for rinse-off applications.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
An excellent botanical choice for dual-action physical exfoliation and antioxidant support, particularly effective for normal to oily skin profiles.
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References
Sources