Science
Mechanism of Action
Exerts protective effects by neutralizing free radicals through a 93% DPPH scavenging efficiency. At a molecular level, its flavonoid profile (specifically apigenin and quercetin) suppresses the NF-kB pathway, leading to a marked reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6. Additionally, it provides an 'anti-pollutant' barrier that prevents particulate matter from triggering cellular oxidation.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence1%
Key findings
- 01 Topical application demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in inflammatory edema, reaching a peak inhibition of 78% (±5%).
- 02 Methanolic concentrations of 50 mg/ml achieved a 93% success rate in free radical neutralization.
- 03 In-vitro analysis confirms the suppression of primary pro-inflammatory markers via flavonoid interaction.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Often included at negligible percentages (0.1% or less) for marketing 'starfruit' claims. To achieve documented antioxidant shielding and anti-inflammatory benefits, a minimum concentration of 0.5% is required.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Thermally stable between 30°C and 100°C. As a naturally acidic extract (pH 2.4–5.6), it is most stable in formulas mimicking the skin's natural acid mantle. Must be stored in light-protected packaging to prevent the degradation of phenolic compounds.
Synergies
- L-Ascorbic Acid
- Ferulic Acid
- Hyaluronic Acid
- Vitamin E
Conflicts
- Strongly alkaline environments (pH > 7.0)
- Strong oxidizing agents
Safety
Safety Profile
While topically safe for all users, the raw fruit contains caramboxin and oxalic acid, which are contra-indicated for oral consumption by individuals with chronic kidney disease. Topical cosmetic application does not pose this risk.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A high-performance botanical for urban defense and sensitive skin repair, provided it is formulated at therapeutic levels above 0.5%.
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References
Sources